Amateka y'iterambere ry'amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba

Amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba atandukanyeni ubwoko bwa mbere bw'urumuri rw'izuba, aho umwihariko w'ibice by'izuba bikoresha imirasire y'izuba, bateri, imitwe y'amatara, n'ibikoresho bigenzura ikirere byigenga kandi bihuzwa n'insinga. Hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya zuba, ububiko bw'ingufu n'inkomoko y'urumuri, iterambere ryabyo rishobora kugabanywamo ibice bine.

1. Igihe cyo gushakisha ibiti bya Sprout (1990 kugeza 2005)

Amatara yo ku muhanda yatandukanyijwe n'izuba ni yo gisubizo cya mbere cyashyizwe mu bikorwa, cyabanje gukemurirwa ikibazo cy'urumuri mu turere twa kure tudafite amashanyarazi. Imiterere ya mbere y'ingenzi ni amatara ya silikoni ya polycrystalline photovoltaic panels, bateri za aside lead na amatara azigama ingufu nke, afite ubushobozi bwo guhindura photovoltaic bungana na 10%-13% gusa. Bateri ni nini kandi zigomba gushyirwa munsi y'ubutaka bityo zikaba ari intego yo kwibwa no kwangirika kandi zimara amasaha 3-4 gusa. Itsinda rya mbere ry'imishinga y'igerageza mu Bushinwa ryibanda mu turere tw'iburengerazuba tudafite amashanyarazi, nka Xizang na Qinghai. Ahagana mu 2000 umusaruro w'igihugu ku mwaka wari amatara ibihumbi magana gusa, ahanini agenewe imishinga y'icyitegererezo, adakoreshwa mu bucuruzi bunini.

2. Igihe cya mbere cy'ubucuruzi (2006-2012)

Gukwirakwira kw'amatara byarushijeho kwihutishwa no guteza imbere politiki n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga. Gukoresha amatara yo ku mihanda atandukanye akoresha imirasire y'izuba hirya no hino ahabereye imikino Olempike ya Beijing yo mu 2008 byabaye intambwe ikomeye mu nganda. Muri iki cyiciro, amatara ya LED agenda asimbuza amatara agabanya ingufu buhoro buhoro kandi imikorere y'urumuri irazamuka ikagera kuri lumens zirenga 100/watt. Akamashini gakoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura urumuri n'igihe, binongera ubusugire. Imikorere y'amatara ya photovoltaic yazamuwe hejuru ya 16% kandi igihe cy'ubuzima bwa sisitemu cyarushijeho kuba cyiza hejuru y'imyaka 5. Uburyo bwo gukoresha bwagiye buva mu turere twa kure bukagera mu byaro bishya, pariki n'ahantu nyaburanga. Kuva mu 2010, umusaruro w'Ubushinwa ngarukamwaka wageze kuri miliyoni z'amatara, kandi isoko ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ryagiye rifunguka buhoro buhoro.

3. Igihe cyo kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga (2013-2018)

Iterambere rikomeye riri mu kubika ingufu n'ubwenge: bateri za aside ya lead zigenda zisimburwa buhoro buhoro na bateri za lithium fer phosphate, zigabanya ingano yazo ho 70%, zikongera igihe cyo kubaho kwazo kugeza ku myaka 3-5, kandi zikongera ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwihutisha ubushyuhe buri hasi (zikora kuri -20 ℃). Utwuma dupima MPPT twakunzwe kandi dushobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gusharija ho 30%. Bishobora kumara iminsi 5-7 mu gihe cy'imvura. Imiterere y'amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba iratandukanye kandi ishobora guhuzwa n'amabati na bateri zikoresha ingufu nyinshi uko bikenewe, ibi bikaba bikwiriye mu bihe by'ingufu nyinshi nko mu mihanda minini n'ibyambu by'umujyi. Nyuma ya 2015, inganda zinjiye mu ntera yihuse, maze ziba umusaruro w'ingenzi w'amatara yo mu cyaro.

4. Igihe cyo kubaho kw'ubutandukanye (2019 ubu)

Amatara yo ku muhanda arimo gukundwa cyane ariko urumuri rw'izuba rutandukanye rurimo kwiganza ku isoko ry'ingufu nyinshi n'iry'amatara maremare. Ikoranabuhanga rishimangira uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ubuhanga mu gukoresha imashini za IoT no kubika ingufu igihe kirekire: ubushobozi bwa silicon ikoresheje ingufu z'amashanyarazi burenze 22%, kandi igihe bateri imara ni inshuro zirenga 2000; hongeweho uburyo bwo kugenzura kure, kumva umubiri w'umuntu, kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imbaraga n'ibindi bikorwa. Hagati aho, gutandukanya no guhuza birahuza. Amatara yo ku muhanda atandukanye akoreshwa n'izuba akwiriye imiterere y'akazi igoye no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, mu gihe kuyahuza bikwiye gukoreshwa mu buryo buto no mu buryo bworoshye. Amatara yo ku muhanda atandukanye aracyari igice cy'ingenzi cy'amatara yo hanze kugeza ubu, afite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi ahendutse, ashyigikira iterambere ry'amatara mato yo mu mijyi no mu byaro.

TIANXIANG ikoraamatara yo ku muhanda atandukanye akoresha imirasire y'izubaifite modules nziza cyane za photovoltaic na bateri zo kubika ingufu. Ntizishobora gutwarwa n'amazi, ntizihura n'ikirere, zishobora gushyirwaho kandi zimara igihe kirekire. Dushobora kwakira ibisabwa bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi n'amatara, kandi dushobora gukora amatara yo mu muhanda ya split solar type ndetse no kugurisha ku bwinshi. Dutanga serivisi zo gutanga serivisi imwe gusa kandi dutegereje ubufatanye bwanyu.