Inkingi n'amatara yo ku muhanda akoreshwa n'izuba

Ibisobanuro n'ibyiciro byaInkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha ingufu z'izubabishobora gutandukana bitewe n'uwabikoze, akarere, n'uburyo bikoreshwa. Muri rusange, inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda akoreshwa n'izuba zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibi bikurikira:

Uburebure: Uburebure bw'inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ubusanzwe buri hagati ya metero 3 na metero 12, kandi uburebure bwihariye buterwa n'ibikenewe mu matara n'aho ashyirwa. Muri rusange, inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda zifite ubugari bw'umuhanda buto cyangwa amatara yo ku muhanda ziba nke, mu gihe inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda ku mihanda minini cyangwa ku mihanda minini ziba nyinshi. Uburebure bw'inkingi z'amatara bukunze kuboneka mu buryo bungana na metero 6, metero 8, metero 10, na metero 12. Muri zo, inkingi z'amatara za metero 6 zikunze gukoreshwa mu mihanda rusange, zifite umurambararo wo hejuru wa mm 60-70 n'umurambararo wo hasi wa mm 130-150; inkingi z'amatara za metero 8 zikunze gukoreshwa mu mihanda rusange yo mu mujyi, zifite umurambararo wo hejuru wa mm 70-80 n'umurambararo wo hasi wa mm 150-170; inkingi z'amatara za metero 10 zifite umurambararo wo hejuru wa mm 80-90 n'umurambararo wo hasi wa mm 170-190; Inkingi z'urumuri za metero 12 zifite umurambararo wo hejuru wa mm 90-100 n'umurambararo wo hasi wa mm 190-210.

Ubugari bw'urukuta rw'inkingi y'urumuri buratandukana bitewe n'uburebure. Ubugari bw'urukuta rw'inkingi y'urumuri ya metero 6 muri rusange ntabwo ari munsi ya mm 2.5, ubugari bw'urukuta rw'inkingi y'urumuri ya metero 8 ntabwo ari munsi ya mm 3.0, ubugari bw'urukuta rw'inkingi y'urumuri ya metero 10 ntabwo ari munsi ya mm 3.5, naho ubugari bw'urukuta rw'inkingi y'urumuri ya metero 12 ntabwo ari munsi ya mm 4.0.

Ibikoresho: Inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda akoreshwa n'izuba zikozwe ahanini mu bikoresho bikurikira:

a. Icyuma: Inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda z'icyuma zifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umuvuduko ukomeye n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, kandi zikwiriye ahantu hatandukanye. Inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda z'icyuma zikunze gushyirwaho irangi rirwanya ingese ku buso kugira ngo zongere igihe kirekire.

b. Aluminiyumu: Inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda za aluminiyumu ni zoroshye kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, zikwiriye uturere two ku nkombe z'inyanja.

c. Ibyuma bitagira umugese: Inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda zikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no kurwanya ogisijeni, kandi zishobora guhangana n'ikirere kibi.

Imiterere: Inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda akoreshwa n'izuba zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira hakurikijwe imiterere yazo:

a. Inkingi igororotse: Inkingi yoroshye ihagaze, yoroshye kuyishyiraho, ikwiriye ahantu henshi hagaragara amashusho.

b. Inkingi ifite imiterere igoramye: Igishushanyo cy'inkingi igoramye ni cyiza cyane, kandi imiterere yayo ishobora guhindurwa uko bikenewe, ikaba ikwiriye ahantu hadasanzwe nko kumurikira imiterere y'ubutaka.

c. Inkingi ifite uburebure: Inkingi irambuye ni nini kandi nto, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye. Uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho: Uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bw'amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba n'ubwoko bw'amatara yo ku muhanda. Inkingi ikoreshwa mu gushushanya ikwiriye ahantu hari ubutaka bworoshye, naho ubwoko bw'amatara yo kugereranya ikwiriye ahantu hari ubutaka bukomeye.

Ibi bikurikira ni ubwoko butatu busanzwe bw'inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba:

01 Inkingi y'urumuri rw'ukuboko yikora

Itara ry'ukuboko rizunguruka ni inkingi y'urumuri yo ku muhanda yagenewe byihariye ifite ukuboko gusongoye hejuru. Iyi miterere ifite ubwiza bwihariye n'umwihariko, kandi ikunze gukoreshwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi nko mu mijyi, pariki, mu bibuga, no mu mihanda y'abanyamaguru. Inkingi z'urumuri zizunguruka akenshi zikorwa mu cyuma, aluminiyumu cyangwa icyuma kidashonga, kandi uburebure n'urwego bikwiye byo kuzunguruka bishobora gutoranywa hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze n'ibikenewe. Uburyo bwo gukora inkingi z'urumuri zizunguruka zizunguruka buragoye cyane, kandi hakenewe ibikoresho byihariye byo gutunganya kugira ngo hakorwe gushyuha, gufunga gukonje cyangwa ubundi buryo kugira ngo ukuboko kw'itara kugera ku ishusho ikwiye yo kuzunguruka.

Mu guhitamo inkingi y'amatara yo ku kuboko yigenga, itondere ingingo zikurikira:

Ibikoresho: Hitamo ibikoresho bikwiye, nk'icyuma, aluminiyumu cyangwa icyuma kitagira umwanda, ukurikije imiterere nyayo y'ibikoresho n'ikirere.

02 Inkingi y'urumuri rwa A-arm

Itara rya A-arm ni igishushanyo mbonera cy’inkingi y’amatara yo mu muhanda, kirangwa n’ukuboko kw’itara rifite ishusho ya A, ari na yo mpamvu ryitwa. Ubu bwoko bw’inkingi y’amatara bufite imiterere yoroshye kandi biroroshye kuyishyiraho. Ikoreshwa cyane mu matara rusange nko mu mihanda yo mu mijyi, mu bibuga, muri pariki no mu duce dutuwemo. Inkingi z’itara rya A-arm akenshi zikorwa mu byuma, aluminiyumu cyangwa icyuma kidashonga, kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo. Kugira ngo yongere kuramba no kurwanya ingese, ubuso bukunze gusukurwa hakoreshejwe imashini itera imiti, irangi cyangwa ibyuma bisiga.

03 Inkingi y'itara ry'ukuboko rya Conch

Inkingi y'amatara yo mu bwoko bwa conch ni igishushanyo cyihariye kandi cy'ubuhanzi cy'inkingi z'amatara yo mu muhanda. Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, ukuboko kwayo kw'amatara kumeze nk'uruziga, nk'imiterere y'igishishwa cy'amatara yo mu bwoko bwa conch, bikaba ari byiza cyane. Inkingi z'amatara yo mu bwoko bwa conch zikunze gukoreshwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi nko mu matara yo mu gasozi, mu bibuga, muri pariki, no mu mihanda y'abanyamaguru kugira ngo hongerwe ikirere cyihariye n'ishusho.

Mu guhitamo no gushyiraho inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda zikoreshwa n'izuba, ibi bintu bigomba gusuzumwa neza kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza, bigire umutekano kandi birusheho kumera neza. Hitamo uruganda rufite izina ryiza n'uburambe mu guhindura no gushyiraho ibikoresho kugira ngo rurebe ko ibicuruzwa bifite ireme n'ubuzima bwiza.

Byongeye kandi, hari amahame ngenderwaho agenga inkingi z'amatara yo ku muhanda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Ubunini n'ingano y'urukiramende ruri hasi ku nsi y'inkingi bigomba kuba bihuye n'uburebure n'imbaraga by'inkingi. Urugero, ku nsi y'uburebure bwa metero 6, ubunini bwa rukiramende muri rusange ni 14-16mm, kandi ingano ni 260mmX260mm cyangwa 300mmX300mm; ku nsi y'uburebure bwa metero 8, ubunini bwa rukiramende ni 16-18mm, naho ingano ni 300mmX300mm cyangwa 350mmX350mm.

Inkingi igomba kuba ishobora kwihanganira umutwaro runaka w'umuyaga. Iyo umuvuduko w'umuyaga ari 36.9m/s (uhwanye n'umuyaga wo ku rwego rwa 10), inkingi ntigomba kugira impinduka zigaragara no kwangirika; iyo ishyizwe ku muvuduko wagenwe n'igihe cyo gupfundika, uburebure ntarengwa bw'inkingi ntibugomba kurenza 1/200 cy'uburebure bw'inkingi.

Murakaza neza kuvugana n'uruganda rukora inkingi z'amatara yo mu muhanda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba rwa Tianxiang kurisoma byinshi.